Tuesday, March 31, 2009

The Keynote of Hebrews

Salmon, George. “The Keynote of the Epistle to the Hebrews.” Expositor. Second Series, 3 (1882): 81-93.

George Salmon (1819-1904) was a mathematician who published several books on mathematics, before becoming a widely-published Anglican theologian. In 1866 he was appointed a professor of divinity at Trinity College Dublin, and became its provost in 1888 until his death. He is the author of An Historical Introduction to the Study of the Books of the New Testament.

According to Salmon, the keynote of Hebrews is the danger of Christian disciples of falling away and “the terrible penalties which apostasy would entail” (83-84). Salmon highlights the warning passages in Hebrews (2:1-3; 3:12-14; 4:1-2, 14; 6:4-6, 9-12; 10:23-31, 35-39; 12:3, 14-17) to emphasize his point.

Salmon believes that if one read Hebrews with its “historic” and not its “dogmatic” interest in mind, one can date the epistle a little later than Paul’s epistles. Hebrews evinces a “greater strain on Christians from external persecutions, greater consequent temptation to apostasy, than the Pauline epistles” and so can be placed at a later date (90). Yet it is not later than the time when “persecution assumed a systematic form, and that Christianity became an unlawful profession” (89; cf. 1 Peter; Pliny’s letters). Salmon believes that the epistle was sent from Italy sometime after the Neronian persecution, but before the destruction of Jerusalem. I think trying to date Hebrews according to the degree of persecution detected in the writing is a little suspect, since persecution of Christians waxed and waned over the years, and was often localized, so that persecution could be intense in one part of the Roman empire, but not another.

Salmon concludes with a discussion on the doctrine of the perseverance of the saints. He states paradoxically that the doctrine is theoretically false, but practically true! He reasons that “there are many cases where it is practically more important to enunciate a general proposition than to attend to the exceptions and limitations which must be taken into account if we want to bring it into accordance with strict theoretical truth” (90). He gives the analogous illustration of someone preaching a wedding sermon to a couple about to be married. Even though their feelings for one another are strong presently, there is no guarantee that they will not change after they are married. But one would not say such a thing in a sermon! And the possibility that a marriage relationship could dissolve does not deter people from getting married and expecting the marriage to endure in lifelong affection for one another. Likewise, when we enter into a relationship with Christ, we should trust in the love and faithfulness of Christ and expect that our relationship with him should endure.

Now I agree that we should trust in the faithfulness of Christ, but we should also be aware of our own tendency to be unfaithful to him. So, it is not out of place to warn fellow Christians about the danger of falling away (even as it is not inappropriate to warn a couple about the dangers of unfaithfulness in a marriage relationship—perhaps one would not say it in a sermon, but that is what premarital counseling is for!). After all, what does Salmon think the writer of Hebrews was doing? The whole tenor of Salmon’s closing comments seems to go against everything he acknowledged in the first part of essay about the keynote of the epistle to the Hebrews.

Monday, March 30, 2009

In Few Words

Shalders, E. W. “In Few Words: A Note on Hebrews xiii. 22.” Expositor. First Series, 7 (1878): 155-57.

Shalders finds the author’s statement in 13:22 strange: “And I beseech you, brethren, suffer the word of exhortation: for I have written a letter unto you in few words” (KJV). But there is nothing short about the book of Hebrews, when compared to other letters. Shalders claims that hortatory addresses must be brief to be efficacious.

Shalders takes the expression λογος παρακλησεως to refer, not to the whole book, but to the admonitions in the last chapter. Furthermore, in the phrase δια βραχεων επεστειλα υμιν, the verb επιστελλω should be rendered “to enjoin” or “command”—a meaning that is confirmed by Liddell and Scott. Thus Shalders prefers the following rendering of the verse: “And I beseech you, brethren, suffer the word of exhortation; for I have admonished you in few words” (157).

Testament or Covenant?

Purton, J. S. “Testament or Covenant?: A Note on Hebrews ix. 15-22.” Expositor. First Series, 7 (1878): 73-77.

Purton deals with the thorny problem of the translation of διαθηκη in Hebrews 9:15-22, which many interpreters take to mean “testament” rather than “covenant” within the context (and is so rendered in the KJV). The mention of an inheritance in verse 15 supports this interpretation. Purton, however, argues that the association of a testament with an inheritance was not so familiar to the Hebrew mind. The term διαθηκη would most likely retain the meaning of “covenant” as it does throughout the LXX, as the Greek translation for the Hebrew word berith. In addition, it was natural for the Jews to associate the inheritance of the land with the covenant. Thus, Purton contends that διαθηκη should be translated consistently as “covenant” in Heb 9:15-22.

The prevailing idea of chapters 8-10 is the analogy and contrast between the old and new covenants. Purton remarks that “the turning point, both of this analogy and this contrast, is the fact that both the covenants were inaugurated and ratified by death . . . , not ordinary natural death, but a sacrificial, expiatory, violent death, accompanied with bloodshedding as its essential feature” (75). Thus, when the author of Hebrews says that death and bloodshed were necessary to validate a covenant, he was referring to the law of sacrifice.

As attractive as Purton’s solution is, I find his translation rather forced. He renders verses 16-17 as follows:

“For where there is a covenant, the covenanter’s death must (according to the Law) be borne (i.e., by the victim which dies for him vicariously); for a covenant is ratified over dead bodies (of sacrificed animals), since it never is valid when the covenanter lives (i.e., so long as his life is not forfeited, or acknowledged to be forfeited, for sin by the vicarious death of the victim offered for him).”

The most natural way to take the Greek of this passage is that covenanter (διαθεμενος) himself, not some vicarious victim, must die before the covenant is enacted. The fact that Purton must supplement his translation with long parenthetical explications detracts from his argument. I wonder: if the author was writing to Hellenistic Jews (or even Gentiles) would the notion of διαθηκη meaning “testament” been so unfamiliar to them? And couldn’t the author have played upon the ambiguity of the term διαθηκη to make his argument—a strategy that he seems to employ elsewhere in his book? (For example, the author seems to play off the ambiguity of the term “rest” [καταπαυσις] as referring to the promised land and to God’s eschatological Sabbath rest in chapters 3 and 4).

A Critical Reading of Hebrews 4:2

Milligan, Wm. "Some Recent Critical Readings in the New Testament. II." Expositor. First Series, 7 (1878): 194-215 (especially 205-8).

Although Milligan deals with a number of NT passages in this essay, I will only consider what he says about Hebrews 4:2. The Authorized Version renders 4:2 as follows:

“For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them: but the word preached did not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that heard it.”

This translation is based on the variant reading συγκεκερασμενος, a nominative participle modifying λογος. There is another reading which takes the participle to be accusative (συγκεκερασμενους) modifying αυτους. The translation would thus read:

“not having been mingled by faith with those who heard it.” (205)

Milligan prefers this reading. According to the canons of textual criticism, the accusative reading is better attested by the manuscript evidence, and it is the harder reading, so Milligan is correct in preferring this reading. Milligan thus tries to make sense of this reading within the context of the passage.

The difficulty of this reading is that those who did not profit by the word were the whole congregation of Israel except Joshua and Caleb. These two were the ones who “heard.” Is it proper to speak of a multitude of people as “mingled with” the two? He rejects Alford’s attempt to view the passage, not in a historical sense, but a “categorical” one, “as descriptive not of any particular persons, but of a class of hearers” (205). Alford is not satisfied with this interpretation, and neither is Milligan. Milligan prefers to understand it historically.

Milligan goes back to 3:16 which most commentators interpret as a pair of questions: “For who, having heard did provoke? Was it not all who came out from Egypt by means of Moses?” Milligan instead takes the verse as an indicative sentence: “For some, having heard, did provoke: howbeit not all that came out from Egypt by means of Moses.” Thus Milligan interprets τινες, not as an interrogative pronoun, but an indefinite one. Milligan claims that the author, whom he takes to be Paul, wanted to soften the statement so as not to offend. By saying that “some” did provoke, the inference is that “some” were saved.

Milligan applies the same reasoning to 4:2. There were “some” who did not have faith, and there were “some” who listened and thus were saved. Milligan claims that the author “introduce[d] qualifying expressions into his charges, in order that he might thus win rather than repel, and might look at offenses from the most favourable, rather than from the most unfavourable, point of view” (207).

Sunday, March 29, 2009

The Cloud of Witnesses

Bartlett, R. E. “The Cloud of Witnesses: Hebrews xii. 1.” Expositor. First Series, 5 (1877): 149-53.

In this brief article, Bartlett argues against the popular conception that Hebrews 12:1 talks about “witnesses as persons looking on at a spectacle.” The word μαρτυς means “one who bears testimony” (cf. Acts 7:58; 1 Tim 5:19; Heb 10:28; Acts 22:20; Rev 2:13; 17:6; 3:14). If the writer wanted to convey the idea of spectators, the word θεατης (onlookers at a spectacle) was readily available. Bartlett avers that μαρτυς could never be used in the sense of θεατης. He notes that Greek commentators such as Chrysostom and Theodoret so understood the term.

The words μαρτυρειν and μαρτυς are used throughout chapter 11 (vs. 2, 4, 5, 39). In all these passages “witness is borne of the elders, testimony given in their favour.” Hence, the meaning of 12:1 is as follows: “Having so great a cloud of saints of old ready to bear witness in our favour if we run well.”

Chapter 11 is a description of faith as exemplified in the heroes of the OT. The author parades them before us “as witnesses of the unseen power which animated them, to testify to us that as they ran so can we run; as they overcame so can we overcome.” They are not one or two, but a cloud; they are not here and there, but they encompass us round about.

Bartlett remarks that “we lose the crowd of onlookers (θεαται) watching us intently, marking every false step, rejoicing in every vigorous effort . . . [but] we gain the μαρτυρες, the witnesses to the prevailing power of faith, cheering us on, encouraging us when we falter, warning us when we stumble.”

I must admit that, until now, I have taken the “cloud of witnesses” to refer to spectators, but in light of Bartlett’s compelling argument, I will have to reconsider.

Morison on Hebrews 1

Morison, J. “The First Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Verses 1 and 2.” Expositor. First Series, 1 (1875): 60-70.

Morison, J. “The First Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Verses 3 and 4.” Expositor. First Series, 1 (1875): 119-28.

Morison, J. “The First Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Verse 5.” Expositor. First Series, 1 (1875): 185-96, 279-86.

Morison, J. “The First Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Verse 6.” Expositor. First Series, 1 (1875): 349-65.

Morison, J. “The First Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Verses 7-9 (in Particular, Verse 7).” Expositor. First Series, 1 (1875): 447-462.

Morison, J. “The First Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Verses 8 and 9.” Expositor. First Series, 2 (1875): 295-316.

Morison, J. “The First Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Verses 10-14.” Expositor. First Series, 2 (1875): 418-33.

These series of articles consist of a verse-by-verse exposition of the first chapter of Hebrews. Morison often engages the views of various translations and the interpretations of other scholars. In his exposition Morison often employs soaring rhetoric and occasional flights of fancy. I will only note some of the highlights of his exposition.

Morison notes that the first four verses are really one sentence in Greek. The first two verses present an antithesis between prophets/Son, long ago/last days, to the fathers/to us. The Divine Father does two things in verse 2: 1) He makes his Son his heir, and 2) before Jesus’ incarnation the Father made the worlds by him.

In verse 3, glory refers to the sum of the divine perfections. The Greek word απαυγασμα is best translated as “effulgence” rather than “refulgence.” It refers to his “manifestative eradiation.” The word υποστασις is best rendered as “substance” rather than “person” and it refers to God’s “inner being” or “unseen selfhood.” The word χαρακτηρ is God’s “exact representation, delineation, or impression of the essential glory of the Father.” The name that Jesus inherits is “Son.”

In verse 5, the author quotes from Psalm 2:7 which must be regarded as Messianic, as it seems to have been regarded in this way by the early Jews and Christians. The psalm is quoted to demonstrate that Jesus has inherited a more excellent name than the angels. “Today” refers to Jesus’ incarnation. While the emphasis of the verse is on Jesus’ Sonship and the Divine paternity, Jesus’ preexistence and divinity is implied.

The second quote in verse 5 is from 2 Samuel 7:14/1 Chronicles 17:13. While the verse originally refers to Solomon, the promise also looked forward to the distant future of an ideal king. Solomon was only a shadow of a future, ideal Solomon; the divine sonship of Solomon was a prefiguration of the divine Sonship of Christ.

In verse 6, Morison takes the adverb παλιν with the following verb εισαγαγη. He translates it like a Latin future perfect: “he shall have brought in.” Morison believes that this verse refers to the second advent, as the first advent is alluded to in verse 5. “Firstborn” adds the idea of primogeniture. It implies Jesus’ priority in time (cf. Rev 1:5; Col 1:18), but more importantly his precedence in position (cf. Col 1:15-16; Rom 8:29). The citation that follows is from Psalm 97:7 or, more likely, Deuteronomy 32:43. The Greek word αγγελοι translates the Hebrew word Elohim, which can refer to God or gods, thus it is a generic term referring to Higher Powers, and thus may include angels.

The μεν . . . δε contruction of verses 7-8 shows a contrast between the way angels are spoken of in Scripture, and the manner in which the Son is addressed. In the quotation from Psalm 104:4 the word πνευματα is best rendered as “winds” rather than “spirits” since its antithesis is clearly “flames of fire” in the next line. He rejects the interpretation that αγγελους is the predicate of πνευματα. The verse does refer to angels and assigns to them their “subordinate place in the divine government of the world.”

In verses 8-9, Psalm 45:6-7 is quoted. The psalm was composed in honor of Solomon at one of his marriages, but it also has Messianic referents. The divine Son has a throne; he is a king and not a mere messenger or minister. His throne is established forever and his reign is the perfection of wisdom and righteousness. The dignity and joy of his kingship surpasses all others.

In verses 10-12, Psalm 102:25-27 is quoted. This psalm is descriptive of his “super-angelic glory.” In verse 12, Morison prefers the reading ελιξεις, “he will roll,” rather than αλλαξεις, “he will change.” The following quote in verse 13 is from Psalm 110:1 and is clearly Messianic. It declares the exaltation of the Son as he is enthroned in glory. The ultimate consummation will be when He subdues all his enemies.

Skilled in the Word

Tony Sieuw offers additonal reflections on his blog, Revelation is for Real. He notes that Christians need to mature by being nourished by solid food and not milk of the Word of God. This must begin with preachers and teachers who need to be skilled in the Word.

Friday, March 27, 2009

Hebrews and Encouragement

Alan Knox continues his postings on the Theology of Encouragement in Hebrews at The Assembling of the Church.

Does Hebrews Quote from an Ancient Liturgy?

Field, John Edward. "The Epistle to the Hebrews and the Liturgy of S. James." Union Review: A Magazine of Catholic Literature and Art (1872): 41-58.

This essay is a precursor to his commentary, The Apostolic Liturgy and the Epistle to the Hebrews: Being a Commentary on the Epistle in its Relation to the Holy Eucharist, with Appendices on the Liturgy of the Primitive Church (1882). In short, Field argues that Hebrews quotes from the Greek Eucharistic Liturgy of St. James, rather than vice versa. He reasons that it was more likely that Paul--whom he assumes to be the author of Hebrews--would have quoted from portions of the liturgy and then inserted his own expressions to support his theological argument, rather than that the liturgist would have quoted Paul and omitted key expressions from Paul's epistles. I will illustrate this with one example from his article.

Hebrews 10:19 reads as follows (as quoted from the article):

"Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the Holy Place by the Blood of Jesus, by a new and living way which He hath consecrated for us through the veil, that is to say, His Flesh, and having an High Priest over the House of God, let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith."

The following is the commencement of the "Prayer of the Veil" from the Liturgy of St. James:

"We give thanks to Thee, O Lord our God, for that Thou hast given us boldness to enter into Thy Holy Place by a new and living way which Thou hast consecrated for us through the Veil of the Flesh of Thy Christ. Wherefore we, being counted worthy to come into the place of the Tabernacle of Thy Glory, and to be within the Veil, and to behold the Holy of Holies, fall down before Thy goodness." (Italics his)

Fields notes that two expressions are missing from the liturgy: "by the Blood of Jesus" and "and having an High Priest over the House of God." These two expressions are the subject of the main treatment of the epistle. Fields reasons thus:

"Hence, if the Apostle is quoting the passage from the Liturgy, there is an obvious reason for these two insertions, as links to connect it with all the preceding doctrinal argument; but reverse the supposition, and regard the Epistle as the original writing, and it is impossible to assign a reason why the liturgist, in quoting the passage, should omit these prominent parts of it,--indeed, it is inconceivable that he should do so" (46).

Fields believes that Paul quotes from this liturgy in his other epistles, for example in 1 Corinthians 2:9 and 1 Timothy 4:9. Immediately, one objection to Fields' argument arises. Fields assumes that Paul is the author of Corinthians, Timothy, and Hebrews--a supposition that is not widely accepted by most scholars. I do not believe Paul wrote Hebrews, and I have my doubts about Timothy. If we are dealing with two, or even three, different authors here, then we would have to assume that all three are quoting from the same liturgy.

Fields' argument can cut the other way. It is just as easy to assume that the liturgist constructed his liturgy from snippets of the Pauline epistle without using whole expressions verbatim. Fields says that the liturgy largely has expressions in common with the Pauline epistles, and in those writings in which the eucharist and liturgy takes most prominence. However, there are some passages in the liturgy which allude to the gospels or Acts, such as the reference to the Spirit descending as a dove on Jesus at his baptism, or the descent of the spirit at Pentecost. No, I think it is more likely that the liturgy was quoting from Hebrews and other portions of the NT, and not vice versa.

Newly Arrived: Tapes on Hebrews

I just received in the mail today, through the used book market, a packet of eight tapes with accompanying study guide, The Epistle to the Hebrew, by George MacRae. MacRae was most notably the Charles Chauncy Stillman Professor of Roman Catholic Studies at Harvard Divinity School from 1973 to 1985 before his untimely death. He was a notable NT scholar. I was not aware until recently that these tapes existed, but I did know that MacRae wrote a small commentary on Hebrews for the Collegeville Bible Commentary, as well as a couple of important articles:


MacRae, George W. "Heavenly Temple and Eschatology in the Letter to the Hebrews." Semeia 12 (1978): 179-99.

MacRae, George. "A Kingdom that Cannot Be Shaken: The Heavenly Jerusalem in the Letter to the Hebrews." Pages 27-40 in Spirituality and Ecumenism. Tantur/Jerusalem: Ecumenical Institute for Theological Research, 1980.

Thursday, March 26, 2009

Encouragement and Baptism in Hebrews

Alan Knox has a post on the Theology of Encouragement in Hebrews, which will be his Ph.D. dissertation topic. He notes a number of passages in Hebrews with the theme of encouragement. It sounds like it will be an interesting dissertation.

Over at יהוה מלך is a posting on the mode of baptism. A number of passages are cited, including some from Hebrews, which suggest that sprinkling is a valid form of baptism which symbolizes purification, cleansing, and regeneration.

Update: Note Alan Knox's clarification in the comments section.

Hebrews and Eternal Security

I received an invitation yesterday from a Mr. Kevaughn Matthis from Trinidad, West Indies, to write a paper on Hebrews for his online journal on the perseverance of the saints, called Testamentum Imperium. I have never heard of this journal before, so I don't know if it worthwhile to write for it. He has gathered quite a group of international scholars, pastors etc. to write for it, but I only recognize a few names.

I did want to note, however, that a number of the articles deal with the Book of Hebrews:

Ron J. Bigalke, "Hebrews 7 and the Security of the Believer (Oath and Priesthood)."

Timothy J. Finney, "Hebrews 10.11-14 and the Security of the Believer."

Eric L. Peterman, "An Anchor for the Soul - Hebrews 6:13-20."

Two articles that are ready to be published this year are:

James Carlson, "The Irrevocable Nature of Salvation in Hebrews"

David M. Allen, "The Irrevocable Nature of Salvation: Evidences from the Book of Hebrews."

These articles will posted in volume 2.

I would be interested to know what you think about this site.

Update: I have decided to turn down the invitation to write for this journal. I do not think its academic reputation has been sufficiently established in the guild, and the fact that it has the explicit intention of supporting one doctrine, the perseverance of the saints--a doctrine I reject--makes its academic rigor suspect, and would not be well-regarded by the guild. He wouldn't have liked what I would have written anyway. :-)

Hebrews at the Central States Regional Meeting

I am constantly looking for the most recent news on the study of the Book of Hebrews. I just found out that Eric Mason of Judson University will be presenting "The Conception of the Heavenly Sanctuary in Hebrews: Literal or Metaphorical?" on Monday, March 30 at 1:00 at the Central States Regional Meeting of SBL and ASOR. Here is the online program.

Tuesday, March 24, 2009

Book Review on Cornerstone Commentary

Polycarp offers his own review of the Tyndale Cornerstone Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles and Hebrews.

New Additions to Electronic Books

I have recently added the following titles to the electronic books listing:

Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews.

Ian Pennicook, The Shadow and the Substance: A Commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews.

Ray C. Stedman, How to Live What You Believe: A Life Related Study in Hebrews.

The last two are more popularized expositions on Hebrews.

Update: I have added about a dozen more titles including those by W. H. Boulton, Friedrich Buchsel, Martin Dibelius, Emmanuel Hirsch, Julius Kogel, Alexander Nairne, Paul Padva, Eduard Riehm, David Schultz, Alfred Seeberg, J. G. Simpson, and Karl Wieseler.

Monday, March 23, 2009

New Book by Edward Fudge

Hoyt Roberson has announced on his blog, The View from the West Mesa, that Edward Fudge is coming out with another book on Hebrews entitled, Hebrews: Ancient Encouragement for Believers Today (Leafwood Publishers, 2009). He also has a short interview of the author. Of course Edward Fudge also authored Our Man in Heaven: An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1973).

Saturday, March 21, 2009

Electronic Articles Online

Listed below are online articles on the Book of Hebrews. Many of the articles are in downloadable form, but some are in html format. If you know of other online articles that should be included, please let me know. I will keep a permanent link of this page under Resources in the sidebar.

Aitken, Ellen B. "'Wily, Wise, and Worldy': Instruction and the Formation of Character in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Wisdom and Apocalypticism in Early Judaism and Early Christianity Group. SBL, Toronto, 2002.

Allen, David. "Constructing 'Janus-Faced' Exhortations: The Use of Old Testament Narratives in Heb 13,1-8." Biblica 89.3 (2008): 401-9.

Baigent, John W. "Jesus as Priest: An Examination of the Claim that the Concept of Jesus as Priest may be Found in the New Testament Outside the Epistle to the Hebrews." Vox Evangelica 12 (1981): 34-44.

Bateman, Herbert W. "Psalm 45:6-7 and Its Christological Contibutions to Hebrews." Trinity Journal (Spring 2001).

Bauckham, Richard. "Monotheism and Christology in Hebrews 1." Pages 167-85 in Early Jewish and Christian Monotheism. Edited by Loren T. Stuckenbruck and Wendy E. S. North. 2004.

Bigalke, Ron J. "Hebrews 7 and the Security of the Believer (Oath and Priesthood)." Testamentum Imperium 1 (2005-2007).

Black, David Alan. "The Problem of the Literary Structure of Hebrews: An Evaluation and a Proposal." Grace Theological Journal 7.2 (1986): 163-77.

Blair, Merryl. "'According to the Order of Melchizedek': Hebrews 7 and the Priesthood of Christ."

Bruce, F. F. "Textual Problems in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Pages 27-39 in Scribes and Scripture: New Testament Essays in Honour of J. Harold Greenlee. Edited by David Alan Black. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1992.

Carlson, James. "The Irrevocable Nature of Salvation in Hebrews." Testamentum Imperium 2 (2009).

Cockerill, Gareth Lee. "Hebrews 1:6: Source and Significance." Bulletin for Biblical Research 9 (1999): 51-64.

Cockerill, Gareth Lee. "The Better Resurrection (Heb. 11:35): A Key to the Structure and Rhetorical Purpose of Hebrews 11." Tyndale Bulletin 51.2 (2000): 215-34.

Cockerill, Gareth Lee. "Structure and Interpretation in Hebrews 8:1-10:18: A Symphony in Three Movements." Bulletin for Biblical Research 11 (2001): 179-201.

Colijn, Brenda B. "'Let Us Approach': Soteriology in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 39.4 (1996): 571-86.

Compton, R. Bruce. "Dispensationalism, the Church, and the New Covenant." Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal 8 (Fall 2003): 3-48. [Contains some discussion of Hebrews]

Compton, R. Bruce. "Persevering and Falling Away: A Reexamination of Hebrews 6:4-6." Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal 1 (Spring 1996): 135-67.

Cortez, Felix H. "'Seeing that you do not refuse the one who is speaking': Hearing God Preach and Obedience in the Letter to the Hebrews." Journal of the Adventist Theological Society 19 (2008): 98-108.

Davis, Casey W. "Hebrews 6:4-6 from an Oral Critical Perspective." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society (December 2008): 753-68.

Decker, Rodney J. "Hebrews 6:4-6: 'Standing before Nero.'"

Decker, Rodney J. "The Law, the New Covenant, and the Christian: Studies in Hebrews 7-10." Council on Dispensational Hermeneutics, September 2009.

Decker, Rodney J. "The Original Readers of Hebrews."

Decker, Rodney J. "The Warnings of Hebrews Three and Four." Journal of Ministry and Theology 5 (2001): 5-27.

Dennison, Charles G. "The New Heavens and the New: Hebrews 12:26-29." Kerux.com.

DeSilva, David A. "Hebrews 6:4-8: A Socio-Rhetorical Investigation (Part 1)." Tyndale Bulletin 50.1 (1999): 33-57.

DeSilva, David A. "Hebrews 6:4-8: A Socio-Rhetorical Investigation (Part 2)." Tyndale Bulletin 50.2 (1999): 225-35.

DeWaay, Bob. "Hebrews 6:4-8 on Apostasy." Critical Issues Commentary.

De Young, James B. "The Heavenly Tabernacle/Temple as Interpretive Guide. Part One: Interpreting Hebrews 9:11-12 in Light of a Biblical Worldview."

De Young, James B. "The Writer to the Hebrews: A Pioneer in Postmodern Evangelical Hermeneutics? or Rediscovering Vulgar Hermeneutics." Paper delivered at the Evangelical Theological Society, 1995.

Ellingworth, Paul. "Reading through Hebrews 1-7: Listening Especially for the Theme of Jesus as High Priest." Epworth Review 12.1 (Jan. 1985): 80-88.

Ellingworth, Paul. "Hebrews and the Anticipation of Completion." Themelios 14.1 (1988): 6-11.

Emmrich, Martin. "'Amtcharisma': Through the Eternal Spirit (Hebrews 9:14)." Bulletin for Biblical Research 12.1 (2002): 17-32.

Enns, Peter E. "Creation and Re-Creation: Psalm 95 and Its Interpretation in Hebrews 3:1-4:13." Westminster Theological Journal 55 (1993): 255-80.

Fairhurst, Alan M. "Hellenistic Influences in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Tyndale Bulletin 7-8 (1961): 17-27.

Finney, Timothy J. "Hebrews 10.11-14 and the Security of the Believer." Testamentum Imperium 1 (2005-2007).

Fitzmyer, J. A. "Melchizedek in the MT, LXX, and the NT." Biblica 81 (2000): 63-69.

France, R. T. "The Writer of Hebrews as a Biblical Expositor." Tyndale Bulletin 47.2 (1996): 245-76.

Fuhrmann, Sebastian. "Christ Grown into Perfection: Hebrews 9,11 from a Christological Point of View." Biblica 89 (2008): 92-100.

Gaffin, Richard B. "Christ, Our High Priest in Heaven." Kerux.com.

Gatiss, Lee. "The Function of the Warning Passages in the Structure and Argument of Hebrews."

Gelardini, Gabriella. "From 'Linguistic Turn' and Hebrews Scholarship to Anadiplosa Iterata: The Enigma of a Structure". Harvard Theological Review 102 (2009): 51-73.

Gleason, Randall C. "Angels and the Eschatology of Heb 1-2." New Testament Studies 49 (2003): 90-107.

Gleason, Randall C. "The Eschatology of the Warning in Hebrews 10:26-31." Tyndale Bulletin 53.1 (2002): 97-120.

Granerod, Gard. "Melchizedek in Hebrews 7." Biblica 90 (2009): 188-202.

Groenewald, Alphonso. "Exodus, Psalms and Hebrews: A God Abounding in Steadfast Love (Ex 34:6)." Hervormde Teologiese Studies 64.3 (2008): 1365-78.

Grogan, Geoffrey W. "Christ and His People: An Exegetical Study of Hebrews 2: 5-18." Vox Evangelica 6 (1969): 54-71.

Grogan, Geoffrey W. "The Old Testament Concept of Solidarity in Hebrews." Tyndale Bulletin 49.1 (1998): 159-73.

Guthrie, George H. and Russell D. Quinn. "A Discourse Analysis of the Use of Psalm 8:4-6 in Hebrews 2:5-9 (1)." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society (June 2006).

Hahn, Scott. "A Broken Covenant and the Curse of Death: A Study of Hebrews 9:15-22." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 66.3 (2004): 416-36.

Hahn, Scott. "Covenant, Cult, and the Curse-of-Death: Διαθηκη in Heb 9:15-22." Pages 65-88 in Hebrews: Contemporary Methods - New Insights. Edited by Gabriella Gelardini. Leiden: Brill, 2005.

Hahne, Harry Alan. "Theological Assumptions in the New Testament Citations of the Old Testament: Hebrews 1 as a Test Case." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society, 1998; rev. 2004.

Harris, Murray J. "The Translation and Significance of Ο ΘΕΟΣ in Hebrews 1:8-9." Tyndale Bulletin 36 (1985): 129-62.

Harvill, Jerry. "Focus on Jesus: The Letter to the Hebrews." Spirituality Today 37 (1985): 336-47.

Hegg, Tim. "Did the Author of Hebrews Change 'Covenant' to 'Last Will and Testament'?: A Study of 'Covenant' in Hebrews 9." TorahResource.com.

Hilhorst, A. "Sind die Hebraer trage geworden?: Zu den Aussagen uber die Adreaasaten in Hebr 5 und 6." Filologia Neotestamentaria 12 (1999): 161-66.

Hoppin, Ruth. "Advocates for Priscilla: Responding to Harnack's Theory that Priscilla Wrote the Epistle to the Hebrews."

Hoppin, Ruth. "The Book of Hebrews Revisited: Implications of the Theology of Hebrews for Gender Equality."

Howe, Frederic R. "The Challenge for Spiritual Vision: An Exegesis of Hebrews 12:1-3." Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society 13:24 (Spring 2000).

Hughes, Philip Edgcumbe. "The Blood of Jesus and His Heavenly Priesthood in Hebrews: Part I: The Significance of the Blood of Jesus." Bibliotheca sacra 130 (1973): 99-109.

Hughes, Philip Edgcumbe. "The Blood of Jesus and His Heavenly Priesthood in Hebrews: Part II: The High-Priestly Sacrifice of Christ." Bibliotheca sacra 130 (1973): 195-212.

Hughes, Philip Edgcumbe. "The Blood of Jesus and His Heavenly Priesthood in Hebrews: Part III: The Meaning of the 'True Tent' and "The Greater and More Perfect Tent.'" Bibliotheca sacra 130 (1973): 305-14.

Hughes, Philip Edgcumbe. "The Blood of Jesus and His Heavenly Priesthood in Hebrews: Part IV: The Present Work of Christ in Heaven." Bibliotheca sacra 130 (1973): 26-33.

Hurtado, Art. "Are the Persons Described in Hebrews 6:4-6 Christians?"

Irons, Lee. "Entering God's Rest by Faith: Realized Eschatology in Hebrews 3:7-4:11." 2007.

Irons, Lee. "Redemptive-Historical Preaching." Kerux 16 (2001): 40-45.

Jobes, Karen H. "The Function of Paronomasia in Hebrews 10:5-7." Trinity Journal 13 (1992): 181-91.

Joslin, Barry C. "Can Hebrews Be Structured?: An Assessment of Eight Approaches." Currents in Biblical Research 6.1 (1999): 99-129.

Joslin, Barry. "'Son of Man' or 'Human Beings'?: Hebrews 2:5-9 and a Response to Craig Blomberg." Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 14.2 (Fall 2009): 41-50.

Kalengyo, Edison Muhindo. "'Cloud of Witnesses' in Hebrews 12:1 and Ganda Ancestors: An Incarnational Reflection." Neotestamentica 43.1 (2009): 49-68.

Kane, R. Bryan. "Zion in Hebrews 12:22-23." 2007.

Keathley, Hampton. "The Argument of Hebrews." Bible.org.

Kincaid, Julian. "The Christology of Hebrews 8-10."

Kobelski, Paul J. "Melchizedek in Hebrews 7." Pages 115-29 in Melchizedek and Melchiresa'. 1981.

Koester, Helmut. "'Outside the Camp': Hebrews 13.9-14." Harvard Theological Review 55 (1962): 299-315.

Kulikovsky, Andrew S. "God's Rest in Hebrews 4:1-11." Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal 13.2 (1999): 61-62.

Kvidahl, Clifford B. "In These Last Days: The Son as the Final Communicative Act of God."

Laansma, John. "'I Will Give You Rest': The Background and Significance of the Rest Motif in the New Testament." Tyndale Bulletin 46.2 (1995): 385-88.

Larm, Terry A. "Hebrews 10:1-18: Jesus Christ, the Final Sacrifice." Theological Gathering 2 (Winter 1997).

Lawrence, John W. "The Five Warnings of Hebrews." Bible.org.

Lincoln, Andrew T. "God's Lethal Weapon (Hebrews 4: 11-13)." Themelios 3.1 (1997): 1-3.

MacLeod, David J. "The Doctrinal Center of the Book of Hebrews." Bibliotheca sacra 146 (1989): 291-300.

MacLeod, David J. "The Literary Structure of the Book of Hebrews." Bibliotheca sacra 146 (1989): 185-97.

Manzi, F. "La fede degli uomini e la singolare relazione filiale di Gesu con Dio nell'Epistola agli Ebrei." Biblica 81 (2000): 32-62.

Martinez, F. Garcia. "Las tradiciones sobre Melquisedec en los manuscritos de Qumran." Biblica 81 (2000): 70-80.

Masters, George. "Sanctuary Symbolism in the Book of Hebrews." Spectrum 11.1.

Mathewson, Dave. "Reading Hebrews 6:4-6 in Light of the Old Testament." Westminster Theological Journal 61 (1999): 209-25.

McKnight, Edgar V. and Christopher Lee Church. "Introduction to Hebrews" and "Introductory Statement of Faith: Hebrews 1:1-4." Pages 7-42 in Hebrews-James. Macon: Smyth & Helwys, 2004.

McNamara, M. "Melchizedek: Gen 14,17-20 in the Targums, in Rabbinic and Early Christian Literature." Biblica 81 (2000): 1-31.

Médaille, John C. "Lost in Translation: Hope and Hypostasis in Hebrews." 2003.

Millard, Alan R. "The Melchizedek Citations in the Letter to the Hebrews." Christian Brethren Research Fellowship Journal 17 (1985): 14-15.

Miller, Merland Ray. "Seven Theological Themes in Hebrews." Grace Theological Journal 8.1 (1987): 131-40.

Morrison, Michael. "Enthymemes in Hebrews."

Morrison, Michael. "The Effective Offering of Jesus: A Study of Hebrews 10:1-10." Textual Criticism. Lexical Details and Translation. Bibliography.

Motyer, Stephen. "The Psalm Quotations of Hebrews 1: A Hermeneutic-Free Zone?" Tyndale Bulletin 50.1 (1999): 3-22.

Mueller, Ekkehardt. "Afraid or Not Afraid?--Hebrews 11:27."

Mueller, Ekkehardt. "The Law and the Gospel." [Has a discussion on Hebrews on pages 21-25]

Murray, John. "The Heavenly Priestly Activity of Christ."

Neyrey, Jerome H. "'Without Beginning of Days or End of Life' (Heb 7:3): Topos for a True Deity." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 53 (1991): 439-55.

Nyende, Peter. "Hebrews' Christology and Its Contemporary Apprehension in Africa." Neotestamentica 41 (2007): 361-81.

Olson, Stanley N. "Wandering But Not Lost." Word & World 5.4 (1985): 426-33.

Orlov, Andrei. "The Heir of Righteousness and the King of Righteousness: The Priestly Noachic Polemics in 2 Enoch and the Epistle to the Hebrews." Journal of Theological Studies 58 (2007): 45-65.

Osborne, Grant R. "The Christ of Hebrews and Other Religions." Journal for the Evangelical Theological Society 46 (2003): 249-67.

Parsons, Mikeal C. "Son and High Priest: A Study in the Christology of Hebrews." Evangelical Quarterly 60 (1988): 195-216.

Peterman, Eric L. "An Anchor for the Soul - Hebrews 6:13-20." Testamentum Imperium 1 (2005-2007).

Proctor, John. "Judgement or Vindication?: Deuteronomy 32 in Hebrews 10:30." Tyndale Bulletin 55.1 (2004): 65-80.

Reid, Richard. Hebrews. Bible Briefs. 2002.

Rhee, Victor (Sung Yul). "Chiasm and the Concept of Faith in Hebrews 11." Bibliotheca sacra 155 (1988): 327-45.

Rhee, Victor (Sung-Yul). "Christology, Chiasm, and the Concept of Faith in Hebrews 10:19-39." Filologia neotestamentaria 16 (2003): 33-48.

Rivas, Luis Heriberto. "La cristologia de la carta a los Hebreos."

Rooke, D. W. "Jesus as Royal Priest: Reflections on the Interpretation of the Melchizedek Tradition in Hebrews 7. Biblica 81 (2000): 81-94.

Rose, Christian. "Verheissung und Erfullung: Zum Verstandnis von επαγγελία im Hebraerbrief." Biblische Zeitschrift 33 (1989): 60-80, 178-91. [Be patient, this is a long download]

Schenck, Kenneth. "The Archaeology of Hebrews' Tabernacle Imagery." SBL 2005 Annual Meeting, Philadelphia. Hebrew Consultation.

Schenck, Kenneth. "Heaven as the True House of God: Intertextual Soundings in Hebrews." SBL Intertextuality in the New Testament Consultation (2008).

Schenck, Kenneth. "The Levitical Cultus and the Partitioning of the Ways in Hebrews."

Scott, Brett R. "Jesus' Superiority over Moses in Hebrews 3:1-6." Bibliotheca sacra 155 (1998): 201-10.

Selvaggio, Anthony T. "Preaching Advice from the 'Sermon' to the Hebrews." Themelios 32.2 (June 2007): 33-45.

Smalley, Stephen S. "The Atonement in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Tyndale Bulletin 7-8 (1961): 28-35.

Smillie, Gene. "'The One Who Is Speaking' in Hebrews 12:25." Tyndale Bulletin 55.2 (2004): 275-94.

Stanley, Steve. "The Structure of Hebrews from Three Perspectives." Tyndale Bulletin 45.2 (1994): 245-71.

Stanley, Steven K. "A New Covenant Hermeneutic: The Use of Scripture in Hebrews 8-10." Tyndale Bulletin 46.1 (1995): 204-06.

Steyn, Gert J. "Psalm 2 in Hebrews." Neotestamentica 37.2 (2003): 262-81.

Steyn, Gert J. "Reconciliation in the General Epistles?" Verbum et Ecclesia 26.1 (2005): 205-21.

Steyn, Gert J. "Vita Christiana volgens Hebreers 10:19-25: Eksegetiese kantaantekeninge." Nederduitse Gereformeerde Teologiese Tydskriff 48.3-4 (2005): 612-20.

Svendsen, Stefan Nordgaard. "Philonic Allegory in Hebrews."

Swetnam, James. "Another Note on ΛΟΓΟΣ as Christ in Hebrews 4,12-13." Filologia Neotestamentaria 18 (2005): 129-33.

Swetnam, James. "The Context of the Crux at Hebrews 5,7-8." Filologia Neotestamentaria 14 (2001): 101-120.

Swetnam, James. "The Crux at Hebrews 5,7-8." Biblica 81 (2000): 347-61.

Swetnam, James. "Εξ ενος in Hebrews 2,11." Biblica 88 (2007): 517-25.

Swetnam, James. "ο αποστολος in Hebrews 3,1." Biblica 89 (2008): 252-62.

Swetnam, James. "των λαληθησομενων in Hebrews 3,5." Biblica 90 (2009): 93-100.

Swetnam, James. "Genesi 22, l'epistola agli Ebrei, e una ermeneutica basata sulla fede." Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 2003.

Tanner, J. Paul. "But if It Yields Thorns and Thistles: An Exposition of Hebrews 5:11-6:12." Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society 14:26 (Spring 2001)

Tanner, J. Paul. "For Whom Does Hebrews 10:26-31 Teach a 'Punishment Worse Than Death?'" Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society 19:37 (Autumn 2006): 57-77.

Tasker, R. V. G. The Gospel in the Epistle to the Hebrews. London: Tyndale, 1956.

Thiessen, Matthew. "Hebrews and the End of the Exodus." Novum Testamentum 49 (2007): 353-69.

Thiessen, Matthew. "Hebrews 12.5-13, the Wilderness Period, and Israel's Discipline." New Testament Studies 55 (2009): 366-79.

Thompson, James W. "The Hermeneutics of the Epistle to the Hebrews." Restoration Quarterly 38 (1996): 229-37.

Tipton, Lane G. “The Eschatology of Hebrews 2:1-4: A Critical Appraisal of the Theonomic Thesis.” Kerux 15 (2000): 3-23.

Tongue, D. H. "The Concept of Apostasy in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Tyndale Bulletin 5-6 (1960): 19-27.

Trobisch, David. "Das Ratsel um die Verfasserschaft des Hebraerbriefes und die Entdeckung eines echten Paulustextes." Pages 320-23 in In Dubio Pro Deo: Heidelberger Resonanzen auf den 50. Geburtstag von Gerd Theissen am 24. April 1993.

Toussaint, Stanley D. "The Eschatology of the Warning Passages in the Book of Hebrews." Grace Theological Journal 3.1 (1982): 67-80.

Vos, Geerhardus. "The Priesthood of Christ in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Part 1. Princeton Theological Review 5 (1907): 423-47.

Vos, Geerhardus. "The Priesthood of Christ in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Part 2. Princeton Theological Review 5 (1907): 579-604.

Vos, Geerhardus. "Hebrews, The Epistle of the Diatheke." Part 1. Princeton Theological Review 13 (1915): 587-632.

Vos, Geerhardus. "Hebrews, The Epistle of the Diatheke." Part 2. Princeton Theological Review 14 (1916): 1-61.

Vos, Geerhardus. "A Sermon on Hebrews 12:1-3." Kerux.com.

Vos, Geerhardus. "A Sermon on Hebrews 13:8." Kerux.com.

Walker, Peter. "Jerusalem in Hebrews 13:9-14 and the Dating of the Epistle." Tyndale Bulletin 45.1 (1994): 39-71.

Wallace, Daniel B. "Hebrews 2:3-4 and the Sign Gifts." Bible.org.

Wallace, Daniel B. "A Preliminary Exegesis of Hebrews 4:15 with a View toward Solving the Peccability/Impeccability Issue." Bible.org.

Wallace, David. "The Use of Psalms in the Shaping of a Text: Psalm 2:7 and Psalm 110:1 in Hebrews 1." Restoration Quarterly 45 (2003): 41-50.

Wenkel, David H. "Gezerah Shawah as Analogy in the Epistle to the Hebrews." Biblical Theology Bulletin 37 (2007): 62-68.

Westfall, Cynthia Long. "Blessed Be the Ties that Bind: Semantic Domains and Cohesive Chains in Hebrews 1.1-2.4 and 12.5-8." Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism 6 (2009): 199-216.

Wider, David. "Die Leidenspaideia Jesu in Hebr. 5, 7f." Shingaku-Kenkyu: Theological Studies 54 (2007): 31-40.

Wright, Brian James. "Jesus as θεος: A Textual Examination." [Has a discussion of Hebrews 1:8 on pages 24-28]

154 Articles

Friday, March 20, 2009

New Additions to Electronic Books

I have added a considerable number of new titles to the list of electronic books on Hebrews that are available on the internet. They are now listed under "Electronic Books" rather than "Google Books" on the sidebar.

Electronic Books on Hebrews

There are numerous electronic books on Hebrews that are available on the internet via Google Books, Internet Archives, and elsewhere. Many of these books are hard-to-find older works which have been made accessible in PDF format. On this page I have compiled the links to complete works on Hebrews that are available in electronic form. In some cases multiple versions of a text are available, but I have provided a link to only one of them. I will place a permanent link to this page under resources along the side bar for easier access. This will be an ongoing project as I will continue to add links to works as I come across them.

Abbott, Elisha L. Notes on the Epistle to the Hebrews: In Karen. 1851.

Alderman, W. Max. Hebrews: Looking Unto Jesus. 2007.

Alexander, James Paul. A Priest Forever: A Study of the Epistle Entitled "To the Hebrews". 1937.

Alford, Henry. The Greek Testament. Vol. 4. 1878.

American Bible Union. The Epistle to the Hebrews. Translated from the Greek, on the Basis of the Common English Version. With Notes. 1857.

Anderson, James Stuart M. The Cloud of Witnesses: A Series of Discourses on the Eleventh and Part of the Twelfth Chapters of the Epistle to the Hebrews. Vol. 1. 1839.

Anonymous. Epistres de Saint Paul à Timothée, à Tite, à Philémon, & aux Hébreux, Volume 2. 1709. [Hebrews begins on page 390]

Aquinas, Thomas. Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews.

Arnaud, A. Essais de commentaires sur les épitres de S. Paul et des autres apotres. 1853. [Hebrews begins on page 272]

Ayles, Herbert Henry Baker. Destination, Date, and Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1899.

Bachasse, Frédéric. L'hypothèse de M. Chavannes sur l'épitre aux Hébreux et son appréciation critique. 1856.

Bacmeister, Lucas. Disputatio complectens summam et ordinem doctrinae, in epistola ad Hebraeos traditae, De sacerdotio et sacrificio Christi: instituta, ut studiosi ad lectionem eius epistolae invitentur. 1569.

Ballentine, Frank Schell. S. Paul (and the Letter to the Hebrews): The Books of the Bible in Modern American Form and Phrase with Notes and Introduction. 1901.

Barger, Everwijn. De Christologie van den brief aan de Hebreen tegenover die der brieven van Paulus. 1871.

Barmby, James & C. Jerdan. The Pulpit Commentary: Hebrews. Edited by H. D. M. Spence and Joseph S. Exell. 1886.

Barnes, Albert. Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1857.

Bensley, Robert Lubbock. The Ḥarḳlean Version of the Epistle to the Hebrews, Chap. XI.28-XIII.25: Now Edited for the First Time with Introduction and Notes on this Version of the Epistle. 1889.

Binney, Thomas. The Practical Power of Faith: An Exposition of Part of the Eleventh Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 4th ed. 1870.

Blass, Friedrich. Die Rhythmen der asianischen und römischen Kunstprosa: (Paulus - Hebräerbrief - Pausanius - Cicero - Seneca - Curtius - Apuleius). 1905.

Bleek, Friedrich. Der Brief an die Hebräer erläutert durch Einleitung, Uebersetzung und fortlaufenden Commentar. Vol. 1. 1828.

Bleek, Friedrich. Der Brief an die Hebräer. Vol. 2 Part 1. 1836.

Bleek, Friedrich. Der Brief an die Hebräer. Vol. 2 Part 2. 1840.

Bleek, Friedrich. Der Hebräerbrief. Edited by Karl August Windrath. 1868.

Boucher, Philippe. Analyse de l'Epitre de S. Paul aux Hebreux. 1733.

Boulton, William Henry. The Epistle to the Hebrews: A Commentary. 1924.

Brenz (Brentio), Johannes (Ioanne). In epistolam, quam Paulus apostolus ad Hebraeos scripsit de persona et officio domini nostri Iesu Christi Commentarius. 1571.

Brown, John. An Exposition of the Apostle Paul to the Hebrews. Vol. 1. 1862.

Brown, John. An Exposition of the Apostle Paul to the Hebrews. Vol. 2. 1862.

Brown, Robert. An Exposition, Critical, Explanatory, and Practical, of Hebrews VI. 6-8: with Reference Likewise to Israel, as a Nation, in Connexion with this Particular Passage of Scripture. 1857.

Bruce, Alexander Balmain. The Epistle to the Hebrews: The First Apology for Christianity: An Exegetical Study. 1899.

Buchsel, Friedrich. Die Christologie des Hebraerbriefes. 1922.

Burch, Vacher. The Epistle to the Hebrews: Its Sources and Message. 1936.

Calvin, John. Commentaries on the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews. Translated by John Owen. 1853.

Capillery, Adolphe. Christ et son oeuvre rédemptrice d'après l'épître aux Hébreux. 1866.

Caughey, Andrew Hervey. The Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Read before the Ministerial Association of Erie, March 30th, 1914. 1914.

Chrysostom, John. Homilies of S. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, on the Epistle of S. Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews, Published after His Decease. Edited by P. E. Pusey. 1877.

Clarke, Adam. Commentary on Hebrews

Clergyman, A. What is the Sanctuary and the True Tabernacle, which the Lord Pitched and Not Man, and Whereof Christ Is the Minister? or, An Analysis and Brief Exposition of St. Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews, by a clergyman. 1858.

Cone, Orello. The Epistles to the Hebrews, Colossians, Ephesians, and Philemon, the Pastoral Epistles, the Epistles of James, Peter, and Jude: Together with a Sketch of the History of the Canon of the New Testament. 1901.

Constable, Thomas L. Notes on Hebrews. 2008.

Cook, Francis Charles, ed. The Holy Bible according to the Authorized Version (A.D. 1611), with an Explanatory and Critical Commentary, and a Revision of the Translation, by Bishops and Other Clergy of the Anglican Church. New Tesament, Vol. IV.: Hebrews--The Revelation of St. John. 1881.

Cowles, Henry. The Epistle to the Hebrews; with Notes, Criticial, Explanatory and Practical, Designed for Both Pastors and People. 1878. [I have to laugh at this title: are pastors not people?]

Craik, Henry. An Amended Translation of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1847.

Cramer, John Anthony. Catenae Graecorum patrum in Novum Testamentum. Vol. 7. 1844.

Creyghton, Johannes. De sendbrief des apostels Pauli tot den Hebreen: ontleedet en kortelijk verklaart. 1699.

Daillé, Jean. XXIII sermons sur le XIIe chapitre de l'Epître aux Hébreux, prononcés à Charenton, avec un sermon sur le verset 1 du chapitre XIII. 1672.

Dale, Robert William. The Jewish Temple and the Christian Church; A Series of Discourse on the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1865.

Davidson, Andrew Bruce. The Epistle to the Hebrews: With Introduction and Notes. Handbooks for Bible Classes. 1882.

Delitzsch, Franz. Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Vol. 1. 1874.

Delitzsch, Franz. Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Vol. 2. 1874.

Desprez, Guillaume and Jean Desessartz, eds. Epistres de Saint Paul a Timothée, a Tite, à Philemon, & aux Hebreux. 1711.

Dibelius, Franz. Der Verfasser des Hebraerbriefes: Eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte des Urchristentums. 1910.

Dubose, William Porcher. High Priesthood and Sacrifice: An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1908.

Dunkerly, C., ed. The Official Report of the Church Congress, Held at Wolverhampton, on October 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th, 1887. See pages 289-318 for papers on Hebrews.

Eagar, Alexander Richard. The City of the Living God: A Note on Hebrews XII. 22-24. 1895.

Ebrard, Johann Heinrich August. Biblical Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews, in Continuation of the Work of Olshausen. Translated by John Fulton. 1853.

Edwards, Thomas Charles. The Epistle to the Hebrews. The Expositor's Bible. Edited by W. Robertson Nicoll. 1892.

Estius, Wilhelm (Estii, Guilielmi). In omnes d. Pauli epistolas item catholicas comentarii. Vol. 3. 1859.

Farrar, Frederic William. The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews, with Notes and Introduction. 1893.

Field, John Edward. The Apostolic Liturgy and the Epistle to the Hebrews: Being a Commentary on the Epistle in Its Relation to the Holy Eucharist, with Appendices on the Liturgy of the Primitive Church. 1882.

Forster, Charles. The Apostolical Authority of the Epistle to the Hebrews: An Inquiry, in Which the Received Title of the Greek Epistle is Vindicated, against the Cavils of Objectors, Ancient and Modern, from Origen to Sir J. D. Michaelis, Chiefly upon Grounds of Internal Evidence Hitherto Unnoticed: Comprizing a Comparative Analysis of the Style and Structure of this Epistle, and of the Undisputed Epistles of St. Paul, Tending to Throw Light upon Their Interpretation. 1838.

Franks, James Clarke. Hulsean Lectures for 1823. On the Apostolical Preaching and Vindication of the Gospel to the Jews, Samaritans, & Devout Gentiles, as Exhibited in the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles of St. Peter, and the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1823.

Fricke, F. R. Der Brief an die Hebräer. 1863.

Fuller, Samuel. St. Peter's Recognition of St. Paul as the Author of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1885.

Gaebelein, Arno Clemens. The Holy Scriptures Analysed and Annotated. Volume III: Philippians to Hebrews. The Annotated Bible. 1917.

Galenus, Matthaus. Commentarius in D. Pauli ad Hebraeos Epistolam. 1599.

Gelpke, Friedrich Christian. Vindiciae originis paulinae ad Hebraeos Epistolae, nova ratione tentae. 1832.

Glover, Terrot Reaveley. "The Writer to the Hebrews." Pages 104-24 in The Pilgrim: Essays on Religion. 1921.

Goode, Francis. The Better Covenant Practically Considered from Hebrews VIII. 6, 10-12.... 1833.

Goodspeed, Edgar Johnson. The Epistle to the Hebrews. 1908.

Gordon, Elizabeth Anna. The Glories of Christ, as set forth in the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1879.

Gouge, William. A Commentary on the Whole Epistle to the Hebrews. Being the Substance of Thirty Years' Wednesday's Lectures at Blackfriars, London. Vol. 1. 1866.

Gouge, William. A Commentary on the Whole Epistle to the Hebrews. Being the Substance of Thirty Years' Wednesday's Lectures at Blackfriars, London. Vol. 2. 1866.

Gouge, William. A Commentary on the Whole Epistle to the Hebrews. Being the Substance of Thirty Years' Wednesday's Lectures at Blackfriars, London. Vol. 3. 1867.

Govett, Robert. Christ Superior to Angels, Moses, and Aaron: A Comment on the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1884.

Graf, Julius. Der Hebraerbrief: Wissenschaftlich-praktische Erklarung. 1918.

Grass, Karl Konrad. Ist "der Brief an die Hebräer" an Heidenchristen gerichtet?: aus Gedankengang und Inhalt des Briefes beantwortet. 1892.

Groenewegen, Henricus. Uytlegginge van den Zendbrief aan den Hebreen.... 1679.

Grotius, Hugo. Annotationes in Novum Testamentum: Pauli Epistolas ad Ephesios-Philemonem et in Epist. ad Hebraeos. Volume 7 of Annotationes in Novum Testamentum. 1829.

Guers, Emile. Etude sur l'Epître aux Hébreux. 1862.

Gurney, Joseph John. "On the Canonical Authority of the Epistle to the Hebrews." Pages 1-39 in Biblical Notes and Dissertations Chiefly Intended to Confirm and Illustrate the Doctrine of the Deity of Christ; with Some Remarks on the Practical Importance of That Doctrine. 1833.

Guthrie, John. Heroes of Faith as Delineated in Hebrews. 1878.

Guyse, John. The Practical Expositor, or, an Exposition of the New Testament, in the Form of a Paraphrase: with Occasional Notes in Their Proper Places for Further Explication, and Serious Recollections at the Close of Every Chapter. 5th ed. Vol. 5. 1797.

Haering, Th. Der Brief an die Hebraer. 1925.

Haldane, James Alexander. Notes Intended for an Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1860.

Harms, Louis. Die Epistel an die Hebräer. 1871.

Harttmann, Karl Friedrich. Der Brief an die Ebräer für die Gemeinde ausgelegt. 1866.

Hayes, Doremus Almy. The New Testament Epistles: Hebrews, James, First Peter, Second Peter, Jude. 1921.

Hemmingsen, Niels. Commentarius in epistolam apostolicam ad Hebraeos. 1568.

Henry, Matthew. Commentary on the Whole Bible. Volume VI: Acts to Revelation. [Hebrews starts on page 1285]

Herkless, John. Hebrews and the Epistles General of Peter, James and Jude. 1902.

Hirsch, Emmanuel and Hanns Ruckert. Luthers Vorlesung uber den Hebraerbrief: nach der vatikanischen Handschrift. 1929.

Holmes, Walter Herbert Greame. The Epistle to the Hebrews. The Indian Church Commentaries. 1919.

Holtzheuer, Otto. Der Brief an die Ebräer. 1883.

Hort, Fenton John Anthony. Hebrews 1:8. 1876.

Hoskier, Herman Charles. A Commentary on the Various Readings in the Text of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the Chester-Beautty Papyrus P46 (circa 200 A.D.). 1938.

Howard, John Eliot. ΠΡΟΣ ΕΒΡΑΙΟΥΣ: The Epistle to the Hebrews. A Revised Translation, with Notes. 1872.

Hulsius, Paulus and Johannes Wilhelmius. Verklaring van de brief van den apostel Paulus ann den Hebreen: in hondert en vyf kerkredenen in de Academiekerk van Groningen, Volume 1. 1725.

Hulsius, Paulus and Johannes Wilhelmius. Verklaring van de brief van den apostel Paulus ann den Hebreen: in hondert en vyf kerkredenen in de Academiekerk van Groningen, Volume 2. 1725.

Hunnius, Aegidius. Exegesis epistolae ad Hebraeos. 1589.

Hunt, Robert Shapland. The Epistle to the Hebrews and the General Epistles. The Cottage Commentary. 1865.

Huyghe, P. Carolo. Commentarius in Epistolam ad Hebraeos. 1901.

Jamieson, Robert. Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible. Commentary by A. R. Faussett. [Hebrews starts on page 3312]

Janeway, Jacob Jones. An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in the Form of Questions and Answers: Designed for Sabbath Schools and Bible Classes. 1842.

Johnson, B. W. "The Epistle of Paul to the Hebrews." In The People's New Testament. 1891. [Hebrews begins on page 558]

Jones, William. Lectures on the Figurative Language of the Holy Scripture, and the Interpretation of It from the Scripture Itself. To Which Are Added, Four Lectures on the Relation between the Old and New Testaments, as It Is Set Forth in the Epistle to the Hebrews.... 5th ed. 1821.

Junkin, George. A Commentary upon the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1873.

Kahler, Martin. Der Hebräerbrief in genauer Wiedergabe seines Gedankenganges dargestellt und durch sich selbst ausgelegt. 1889.

Keil, Carl Friedrich. Commentar über den Brief an die Hebräer. 1885.

Kelly, William. An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews, with a New Version. 1905.

Kendrick, A. C. Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. An American Commentary on the New Testament. 1889.

Kerr, Hugh Thomson. The Supreme Gospel: A Study of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1918.

Klee, Heinrich. Auslegung des Briefes an die Hebräer. 1833.

Kluge, Karl. Der Hebräerbrief: Auslegung und Lehrbegriff. 1863.

Knowles, Edward Hadarezer. Note on the Epistle to the Hebrews, with Analysis and Brief Paraphrase. 1861.

Kögel, Julius. Der Sohn und die Sohne: Eine exegetische Studie zu Hebraer 2, 5-18. 1904.

Kohlbrügge, Hermann Friedrich. Sechs Predigten über das erste Kapitel des Briefes Pauli an die Ebräer. 1855.

Kuehnoel (Kuinoel), Christian Gottlieb. Commentarius in Epistolam ad Hebraeos. 1831.

Kuist, Howard Tillman. Exegetical Footnotes to the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1915.

Kurtz, Johann Heinrich. Der Brief an die Hebräer. 1869.

Laharpe, Henry Louis. Essai critique sur l'authenticité de l'Epitre aux Hébreux. 1832.

Lang, G. H. The Epistle to the Hebrews: A Practical Treatise for Plain and Serious Readers.

Laune, Henri. Etude sur la rédemption d'après l'épître aux Hébreux. 1868.

Leech, John. The Epistle to the Hebrews. A Justification of Its National Title and Character, and an Exposition of Controverted Passages in Conformity Therewith. The Donnellan Lectures, Preached before the University of Dublin, in the Years 1871 & 1872. 1874.

Leighton, Robert. "A Discourse on Hebrews XIII. 10." Pages 191-97 in Works. Vol. 4. 1806.

Leonard, William. Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Critical Problem and Use of the Old Testament. 1939.

Lindsay, William. Lectures on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Vol. 1. 1867.

Lindsay, William. Lectures on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Vol. 2. 1867.

Livermore, Ariel Abbot. The Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James, Peter, John and Jude, and the Revelation of John the Divine, with a Commentary and Essays. 1881.

Lomb, Conrad. Commentarius in divi Pauli apostoli epistolam ad Hebraeos. 1843.

Lowrie, Samuel Thompson. An Explanation of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1884.

Luc, Jean Andre de. Éclaircissemens sur l'Apocalypse et sur l'Épitre aux Hébreux, ou analyse de leur composition. 1832.

Lunemann, Gottlieb. Kritisch exegetisches Handbuch über den Hebräerbrief. 1861.

Lunemann, Gottlieb. Critical and Exegetical Handbook to the Epistle to the Hebrews. Translated by Maurice J. Evans. 1882.

Macknight, James. A New Literal Translation, from the Original Greek, of All the Apostolical Epistles. With a Commentary, and Notes, Philological , Critical, Explanatory, and Practical.... 1841. Pages 500-578.

Maclaren, Alexander. The Epistle to the Hebrews (VII. to XIII.); The General Epistle of James. 1910.

MacNeill, Harris Lachlan. The Christology of the Epistle to the Hebrews: Including Its Relation to the Developing Christology of the Primitive Church. 1914.

Maunoury, Auguste François. Commentaire sur les Epîtres de saint Paul à Timothée, à Tite, à Philémon, aux Hébreux. Volume 4 of Commentaire sur les Epîtres de saint Paul. 1882.

Manson, William. The Epistle to the Hebrews: An Historical and Theological Reconsideration. The Baird Lecture 1949.

Marbaniang, Domenic. Explorations of Faith: Studies of the Heroes of Faith in Hebrews 11. 2009.

Martin, David. L'excellence de la foi et de ses effets: expliquée en vingt sermons sur le chapitre XIe de l'Epistre aux Hébreux, prononcez à Utrecht dans les années 1708 et 1709. 1710.
Martin, David.
L'excellence de la foi et de ses effets: expliquée en vingt sermons sur le chapitre XIe de l'Epistre aux Hébreux, prononcez à Utrecht dans les années 1708 et 1709. 1710.

Mathis, Michael Ambrose. The Pauline ΠΙΣΤΙΣ-ΥΠΟΣΤΑΣΙΣ according to Heb. XI, 1: An Historico-Exegetical Investigation.... 1920.

Maurice, Frederick Denison. The Epistle to the Hebrews; Being the Substance of Three Lectures Delivered in the Chapel of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn, on the Foundation of Bishop Warburton.... 1846.

Maurice, Frederick Denison. The Unity of the New Testament. A Synopsis of the First Three Gospels and of the Epistles of St. James, St. Jude, St. Peter, St. Paul, to Which Is Added A Commentary on the Epistle to Hebrews. 1879.

McCaul, Joseph Benjamin. The Epistle to the Hebrews, in a Paraphrastic Commentary, with Illustrations from Philo, the Targums, the Mishna and the Gemara, the Later Rabbinical Writers, and Christian Annotators etc. etc. 1871.

McFadyen, Joseph Ferguson. Through Eternal Spirit: A Study of Hebrews, James, and 1 Peter. 1925.

McLean, Archibald. A Paraphrase and Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Vol. 1. 1820.

McLean, Archibald. A Paraphrase and Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Vol. 2. 1820.

Ménégoz, Eugène. La théologie de l'Epître aux Hébreux. 1894.

Mestrezat, Jean. Exposition de l'Epistre aux Hébreux, en sermons prononcés à Charenton: divisée en cinq parties. 1655:
Vol 1: De la dignité et gloire du mediateur du Nouveau Testament, ou, sermons sur les deux premiers chapitres de l'epistre aux Hebreux, Prononces a Charanton. 1653.

Vol 2: Sermons sur les chapitres troisieme, quatrieme, cinquieme, & sixieme de l'Epistre aux Hebreux, Prononces a Charanton. 1653.

Vol 3: De la sacrificature de Iesus Christ notre Seigneur, ou, sermons sur les chapitres septiéme, huictiéme, neufuiéme, & partie du dixiéme de l'Epistre aux Hebreux, Prononcés à Charanton. 1840.

Vol 4: De la vertu de la fou, ou Sermons sur les chapitre XI. de l'Epistre aux Hebreux. 1650.

Vol 5: Des fruicts de la foi en Vertus Chrestiennes, ou sermons sur les chapitres XII. & XIII. de l'Epistre aux Hebreux, prononces a Charanton. 1855.

Meyer, Frederick Brotherton. The Way into the Holiest: Expositions of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1893.

Milligan, George. The Theology of the Epistle to the Hebrews: With a Critical Introduction. 1899.

Mitchell, Alexander Ferrier. Hebrews and the General Epistles. 1911.

Moffatt, James. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1924.

Moll, Karl Bernhard. Der Brief an die Hebräer. 1861.

Monod, Horace. L'épître aux Hébreux n'est pas de Paul. 1838.

Montagu, George, (Duke of Manchester). Horae Hebraicae; an Attempt to Discover How the Argument of the Epistle to the Hebrews Must Have Been Understood by Those Therein Addressed.... 1835.

Moorehead, William Gallogly. Outline Studies in the New Testament: Philippians to Hebrews. 1905.

Moule, Handley Carr Glyn. Messages from the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1909.

Murray, Andrew. The Holiest of All: An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1894.

Murray, Andrew. Let Us Draw Nigh! The Way to a Life Abiding Continually in the Secret of God's Presence: Meditations on Hebrews X. 19-25. 1895.

Nairne, Alexander. The Alexandrine Gospel (Sirach, Wisdom, Philo, The Epistle to the Hebrews). 1917.

Nairne, Alexander. The Epistle of Priesthood; Studies in the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1913.

Nairne, Alexander. The Epistle to the Hebrews, in the Revised Version. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1921.

Nairne, Alexander. The Epistle to the Hebrews: With Introduction and Notes. Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges. 1922.

Newton, Adelaide Leaper. The Epistle to the Hebrews compared with the Old Testament. 1867.

O'Connor, W. A. The Epistle to the Hebrews: With Analytical Introduction and Notes. 1872.

Olivers, Thomas. A Full Refutation of the Doctrine of Unconditional Perseverance: in a Discourse on Hebrews II. 3. 1818.

Osiander, Lucas. Epistola ad Hebraeos, Iacobi, Prima et Secunda Petri, Prima, Secunda, & Tertia Ioannis, Iude & Apocalypsis Ioannis: Omnia iuxta Veterem seu Vulgatam Translationem, ad Graecum textum emendata . . . . 1584.

Owen, John. Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews; with the Preliminary Exercitations. Vol. 1. 1812.

Owen, John. Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews; with the Preliminary Exercitations. Vol. 2. 1812.

Owen, John. Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews; with the Preliminary Exercitations. Vol. 3. 1812.

Owen, John. Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews; with the Preliminary Exercitations. Vol. 4. 1812.

Padva, Paul. Les Citations de l'Ancien Testament dans l'Epitre aux Hebreux. 1904.

Pánek, Joannes. Commentarius in Epistolam b. Pauli apostoli ad Hebraeos. 1882.

Parry, Thomas. The Apostleship and Priesthood of Christ: Being a Practical Exposition of St. Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews: In a Series of Lectures with an Appendix, Containing a Tabular Analysis of the Epistle, &c. 1834.

Patterson, Alexander Simpson. A Commentary, Expository and Practical, on the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1856.

Peake, A. S. Hebrews. Century Bible. 1904-1913?

Peirce, James and Johann David Michaelis. Paraphrasis et notae philologicae atque exegeticae in Epistolam ad Hebraeos. 1747.

Pennicook, Ian. The Shadow and the Substance: A Commentary on the Letter to the Hebrews. 2004.

Pharmakidēs, Theoklētos. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ ΜΕΤΑ ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΑΡΧΑΙΩΝ, ΤΟΜΟΣ ΕΚΤΟΣ, ΠΕΡΙΕΧΩΝ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΕΒΡΑΙΟΥΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΑΣ ΕΠΤΑ ΚΑΘΟΛΙΚΑΣ. 1844. (In Greek)

Phillips, Daniel T. The Heroes of Faith: A Series of Discourses on the Names Immortalized in the Eleventh Chapter of Hebrews. 1881.

Pink, A. W. An Exposition of Hebrews. 1954.

Plumer, William S. Commentary on the Epistle of Paul, the Apostle, to the Hebrews. 1872.

Porter, Samuel Judson. The Epistle to the Hebrews. 1919.

Porter, Samuel Judson. The Twelve Gemmed Crown: Christ in Hebrews. 1913.

Pridham, Arthur. Notes and Reflections on the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1852.

Ramsay, William Mitchell. "The Date and Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews." Pages 301-28 in Luke, the Physician: and Other Studies in the History of Religion. 1908.

Rendall, Frederic. The Epistle to the Hebrews: In Greek and English with Critical and Explanatory Notes. 1883.

Reuss, Eduard. L'épître aux hébreux: essai d'une traduction nouvelle accompagné d'un commentaire. 1862.

Réville, Jean Auguste. Theses de epistolae ad Hebraeos authentia. 1817.

Ribera, Francisco de. In epistolam B. Pauli Apostoli ad Hebraeos Commentarij . . . . 1600.

Riehm, Eduard Karl Aug. Der Lehrbegriff des Hebraerbriefs. 1867.

Riggenbach, Eduard. "Der Begriff der ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ im Hebraerbrief." Pages 289-316 in Theologische Studien. Theodor Zahn zum. 10 Okotober 1908.

Ripley, Henry Jones. The Epistle to the Hebrews, with Explanatory Notes: To Which Are Added a Condensed View of the Priesthood of Christ, and a Translation of the Epistle, Prepared for This Work. 1868.

Rosenmuller, Johann Georg. Scholia in Novum Testamentum: Pauli Epostolas ad Timotheum, Titum, Philemonem, et Hebraeos; Epistolam Iacobi, utramque Petri, Epistolas Ioannis, Epistolam Iudae et Apocalypsin Ioannis. Volume 5 of D. Io. Georgii Rosenmülleri Scholia in Novum Testamentum. 1808.

Röth, Eduard Maximilian. Epistolam vulgo "ad Hebraeos: inscriptam non ad Hebraeos, id est Christianos genere Judaeos, sed ad Christianos genere Gentiles et quidem ad Ephesios datam esse. 1836.

Sadler, Michael Ferrebee. The Epistles of St. Paul to Titus, Philemon and the Hebrews: With Notes Critical and Practical. 1898.

Sampson, Francis Smith. A Critical Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1856.

Saphir, Adolph. The Epistle to the Hebrews: An Exposition. Vol. 1. 1902.

Saphir, Adolph. The Epistle to the Hebrews: An Exposition. Vol. 2. 1902.

Schlatter, Adolf. Die Briefe des Petrus, Judas, Jakobus, der Brief an die Hebraer. Erlauterungen zum Neuen Testament 9. 1953. [Volume 9 can be downloaded as a doc, pdf, or rtf file.]

Schmidt, Christian Friedrich. Versio Alexandrina optimum interpretationis librorum sacrorum praesidium Specimen Primum in epistolam D. Paulli ad Hebraeos. 1763.

Schmiedel, Paul Wilhelm. Quae intercedat ratio inter doctrinam epistolae ad Hebraeos missae et Pauli Apostoli doctrinam: Commentatio Biblico-Theologica. 1878.

Schubart, Johann. Dissertatio exegetica de vera notione vocis teleios: eiusque et derivatarum vocum usu in Epistolam ad Hebraeos , cum observationibus quibusdam controversa huius epistolae loca spectantibus . . . . 1739.

Schultz, David. Der Brief an die Hebraer: Einleitung, Uebersetzung und Anmerkungen. 1818.

Scultetus, Abraham. Zwölff Predigten über das 11. Capitel der Epistel an die Hebreer. 1621.

Scott, Ernest Findlay. The Epistle to the Hebrews: Its Doctrine and Significance. 1922.

Seeburg, Alfred. Die Heilsbedeutung des Todes Christi im Hebräerbrief. 1895.

Seeburg, Alfred. Der Brief an die Hebraer. Evangelisch-Theologische Bibliothek. 1912.

Seiss, Joseph Augustus. Popular Lectures on the Epistle of Paul, the Apostle, to the Hebrews. 1846.

Simpson, A. B. Christ in the Bible Commentary: Hebrews.

Simpson, James Gilliland. "The Message of the Epistle to the Hebrews." Pages 49-172 in Christus Crucifixus. 1909.

Seyffarth, Traugott Augustus. De epistolae, quae dicitur, ad Hebraeos indole maxime peculiari. 1821.

Smith, Barry D. The Letter to the Hebrews.

Smith, Jeff. The Superior Christ and His Covenant: Biblical Studies from the Book of Hebrews. 2005.

Soden, Hermann von. Hebräerbrief, Briefe des Petrus, Jakobus, Judas. Hand-commentar zum Neuen Testament. Vol. 3. 1899.

Spanheim, Friedrich. De authore epistolae ad Hebraeos exercitationes. 1659.

Stedman, Ray C. Hebrews. IVP New Testament Commentary Series. 1992.

Stedman, Ray C. How to Live What You Believe: A Life Related Study in Hebrews. 1974.

Stein, Karl Wilhelm. Der Brief an die Hebräer theoretisch-practisch erklärt. 1838.

Steward, George. The Argument of the Epistle to the Hebrews: A Posthumous Work. 1872.

Stier, Rudolf. Der Brief an die Hebräer: In sechs und dreissig Betrachtungen. 1842.

Storr, Gottlob Christian. Pauli Brief an die Hebräer. 1809.

Stow, John. Reflections on the Epistles of St. Paul, and on that to the Hebrews, with Scriptural Illustrations.... 1847.

Streso, Casparus. Commentarius analytico-practicus in epistolam ad Hebraeos: CXX Concionibus Ecclesiae Christi, quae Hagae-Comitum colligitur, propositus, studio et opera. 1661.

Stuart, Moses. A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. 4th ed. 1868.

Sykes, Arthur Ashley. A Paraphrase and Notes upon the Epistle to the Hebrews.... 1755.

Tait, William. Meditationes Hebraicae: or, a Doctrinal and Practical Exposition of the Epistle of St. Paul to the Hebrews, in a Series of Lectures. Vol. 1. 1855.

Tait, William. Meditationes Hebraicae: or, a Doctrinal and Practical Exposition of the Epistle of St. Paul to the Hebrews, in a Series of Lectures. Vol. 2. 1855.

Tena, Ludovicus. Commentaria et disputationes in Epistolam divi Pauli ad Hebraeos. 1661.

Thiersch, Heinrich Wilhelm. De Epistola ad Hebraeos: Commentatio historica. 1848.

Tholuck, August. Kommentar zum Briefe an die Hebräer. 1836.

Tholuck, Friedrich August Gottgetru. A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Translated by James Hamilton. Vol. 1. 1842.

Tholuck, Friedrich August Gottgetru. A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews. Translated by James Hamilton. Vol. 2. 1842.

Turner, Samuel Hulbeart. The Epistle to the Hebrews, in Greek and English, with an Analysis and Exegetical Commentary. 1852.

Vaughn, Charles John. ΠΡΟΣ ΕΒΡΑΙΟΥΣ: The Epistle to the Hebrews with Notes. 1890.

Vermaten, Gulielmus. Ontleeding en korte verklaaring van Paulus Brief aan de Hebreen .... 1722.

Veysie, Daniel. A Defence of the Preservative against Unitarianism, including a Vindication of the Genuineness of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in a Second Letter to Lant Carpenter Occasioned by His Letters Addressed to the Author, Entitled "Unitarianism and the Doctrine of the Gospel". 1810.

Vidal, François. De l'authenticité de l'Epître aux Hébreux. 1829.

Wales, Frank Howard. The Epistle to the Hebrews: Translation. 1925.

Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge. "The Witness of the Epistle to the Hebrews." Pages 276-85 in The Lord of Glory: A Study of Designations of Our Lord in the New Testament with Especial Reference to His Deity. 1907.

Way, Arthur S. The Letters of St. Paul to Seven Churches and Three Friends with the Letter to the Hebrews. 1906.

Weiss. Bernhard. Der Brief an die Hebräer. Volume 13 of Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament. 1897.

Weiss, Bernhard. Die paulinischen Briefe und der Hebräerbrief im berichtigten Text: mit kurzer Erläuterung zum Handgebrauch bei der Schriftlektüre. Volume 2 of Das Neue Testament Handausgabe. 2nd ed. 1902.

Welch, Adam. The Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews and Other Papers. 1898.

Welch, Charles H. Perfection or Perdition: An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1973.

Westcott, Brooke Foss. The Epistle to the Hebrews: The Greek Text with Notes and Essays. 3rd ed. 1903.

Wette, Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de. Kurze Erklärung der Briefe an Titus, Timotheus und die Hebräer. 3d ed. Edited by Wilhelm Moeller. 1867

Wickham, Edward Charles. The Epistle to the Hebrews; with Introduction and Notes. 1922.

Wieseler, Karl Georg. Eine Untersuchung uber den Hebräerbrief namentlich seinen Verfasser und seine Leser. First half. 1861.

Wieseler, Karl Georg. Eine Untersuchung uber den Hebräerbrief namentlich seinen Verfasser und seine Leser. Second half. 1861.

Wilder, Terry L., J. Daryl Charles, and Kendell Easley. "Hebrews: Persevere in Faithfulness." Pages 1-56 in Faithful to the End: An Introduction to Hebrews through Revelation. 2007.

Williams, Henry Wilkinson. An Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews. 1871.

Wolf, Edmund Jacob. Annotations on the Epistles to Timothy, Titus, and the Hebrews. The Lutheran Commentary. 1897.

Wrede, William. Das literarische rätsel des Hebräerbriefs: Mit einem anhang über den literarischen charakter des Barnabasbriefes. Volume 8 of Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments. 1906.

Zill, Leonhard. Der Brief an die Hebräer: uebersezt und erklärt. 1879.

Zimmer, Karl Friedrich. Exegestische Probleme des Hebräer- und Galaterbriefs. 1882.

263 volumes