Textual Reserach on Hebrews

Apparently this book is out now:

 

Gäbel, Georg, Geigenfeind, Matthias, and Müller, Darius. Textforschung zu Septuaginta, Hebräerbrief und Apokalypse: Die Relevanz von Textkritik für die Erforschung des frühen Judentums, des Neuen Testaments und des frühen Christentums Festschrift für Martin Karrer zum 70. Geburtstag. De Gruyter, 2024.

Translation of the blurb:
"For years, Martin Karrer's academic work has focused on textual criticism of the Septuagint, the Epistle to the Hebrews and the Apocalypse. Companions and colleagues have submitted articles on the textual history and reception of these writings or group of writings to honor him on his 70th birthday. 

 

The collection provides an insight into the diversity of today's textual research and its relevance for research into early Judaism, the New Testament and early Christianity. 

 

The articles deal with the reception of LXX quotations in New Testament writings and in the works of church writers, as well as with the textual history and interpretation of the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Apocalypse of John and the Gospel of John, as well as with individual manuscripts of apocryphal texts. 

 

It deals with papyrological and codicological aspects, paratextual elements and illustrations in manuscripts, patristic texts and catena, early versions (Latin, Sahidic, Arabic), late antique and early medieval commentaries and questions of canon history. 

 

The textual tradition and its carriers are viewed as witnesses to a diverse, living history."

Philo and Hebrews on the Concept of the Spiritualization of the Cult

I just came across this article:

 

Botica, Aurelian. “Philo of Alexandria and the Epistle to the Hebrews on the Concept of the Spiritualization of the Cult.” Perichoresis 21, Supplement 1 (2023): 40–66. 

Abstract:

"The Epistle to the Hebrews contains one of the most unique Greek lexicology and syntax of all the New Testament writings. Behind syntax, however, there lies a very profound theological vision on topics such as Christ, Temple, holiness, perseverance, and salvation. While studying Hebrews against the background of Graeco-Roman culture, the source most contemporary scholars mention as being closest to the world of Hebrews in this context is Philo of Alexandria. Not only on philological grounds, but also in matters of methods of interpreting the Old Testament cult and in theology, Hebrews and Philo share a very common background. Analyzing the Epistle to the Hebrews comparatively, we are bound to ask whether or not comparisons such as these are warranted. In the following study, we will state the state of the problem and then examine the two sources that seem to have served as a source of inspiration for the author of Hebrews: the Old Testament and Philo of Alexandria. We will focus exclusively on the issues of the method of allegory and the spiritualization/reinterpretation of Old Testament cultic entities since both Philo and Hebrews are characterized by these concerns. In essence, we will want to know who or what served as the most plausible source of inspiration for the author of Hebrews in the particular area of the reinterpretation of the Old Testament cult."

 

I will add it to the articles page .

The Spatiotemporal Eschatology of Hebrews

New book published:

 

Luke Woo. The Spatiotemporal Eschatology of Hebrews: Priestly Participation in the Heavenly Tabernacle. Bloomsbury T&T Clark.

Description:

There are two coexisting realities classified under New Testament eschatology: the temporal and spatial. While much scholarly attention has focused on the temporal, Luke Woo argues that the spatial aspect is either neglected or relegated to Platonic or cosmological categories. Woo thus seeks to provide a holistic understanding, by investigating these realities for believers under the heavenly tabernacle motif in the Epistle to the Hebrews.

Woo posits that the author of Hebrews presents the heavenly tabernacle and all its high priestly activity in order to eschatologically situate, orient, and ground believers; thus enabling believers to actualize their heavenly, priestly identity by serving as priests on earth. Woo uses Edward Soja's Tripartite Critical Spatiality to analyze the heavenly tabernacle's Firstspace, Secondspace, and Thirdspace features found in Hebrews 4:14; 8:1–5; 9:1–14. He suggests that Christ, in his resurrection and ascension, enters an actualized, heavenly tabernacle, which allows believers to spiritually occupy that sanctuary space in the presence of God, establishing a spatial orientation for believers who can identify as heavenly priests and be motivated to serve as such as they live on earth. 

The True Tabernacle of Hebrews 8:2

New article:

Church, Philip. “ ‘The True Tabernacle’ of Hebrews 8:2: A Response to Nicholas J. Moore." Tyndale Bulletin 75 (20204): 1–30.

Abstract
Does Hebrews 8:5 claim that Israel’s earthly sanctuaries are ‘shadowy copies’ of a heavenly sanctuary, or do these sanctuaries anticipate an eschatological sanctuary where God will dwell with his people, as I have argued? Nicholas J. Moore has critiqued my reading of this verse on the grounds that reading the expression ὑπόδειγμα καὶ σκιά as ‘copy and shadow’ is lexically permissible, that the idea that Israel’s earthly sanctuaries are copies of the heavenly sanctuary is widespread in the Second Temple period, and that my reading involves an awkward switch between temple and tabernacle in Hebrews 8:5. This article argues that it cannot be demonstrated that ὑπόδειγμα can have the sense ‘copy’, that the idea of the temple as an anticipation of God’s eschatological dwelling with his people is present at Qumran in ways that are similar to what is found in Hebrews, and that my reading involves no awkward switch between tabernacle and temple in Hebrews 8:5. Ultimately, it can be shown that a temporal reading of ὑπόδειγμα καί σκιά in Hebrews 8:5 contributes more to its context than does a spatial reading.

Up to Date with Hebrews

Nijay Gupta has a brief blog post on some recent Hebrews commentaries. Of course, if you have been following my blog, I try to post on all new scholarly works on Hebrews. I keep a running list of new works and upcoming works (that I know about) on my "New and Forthcoming Books" page. I try to keep the last three years up. Previous years, starting with 2010, are archived. Of course there are numerous popular-level works that come out every year that I do not bother to mention.

My Article in BETL Is Finally Published!

It's been three years in coming, but my article is finally published:

Brian C. Small. “The God Who Communicates: A Study in the Characterization of God in Hebrews.” Pages 209–23 in The Letter to the Hebrews. Edited by Régis Burnet. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 335. Leuven: Peeters, 2024.

Of course the whole collection of essays is now available for purchase from Peeters. Here is the summary for the whole volume:

"The 70th Colloquium Biblicum Lovaniense was the first in the history of the colloquium to be dedicated exclusively to the Letter to the Hebrews. It indicates the growing scholarly interest in the Letter, which occupies a special place in the Pauline corpus and in the canon because of its literary sophistication and intricate and profound theology. Moving beyond the old debates about its authorship, the colloquium focused on a number of other questions, including the Letter's contextual meaning, its roots in a Jewish context, its innovative use of intertextuality, in which Scripture is used not only as divine narrative, but also as a dynamic tool for exploring and formulating new forms of theological discourse, and the political dimensions of the text playing on the contrast between imperial discourse and a vision of heavenly citizenship. In addition, one will find essays on the Letter's complex portrayal of God, its peculiar stylistic and text-critical features, the significance of the figure of Melchizedek, reflections on the balance between divine wrath and mercy, and chapters from its ancient reception history. This wide-ranging approach illustrates the Letter's historical importance in the development of earliest Christian theology and its impact on Christian theology through the ages."

 

Attridge Reviews Gause Commentary on Hebrews

Harold W. Attridge reviews R. Hollis Gause's commentary on Hebrews in the Pentecostal Commentary Series in RBL. 

The Oxford Handbook of Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles

Just published:

 

Patrick Gray, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles. Oxford Academic.

Abstract

While the Gospels, Paul’s letters, and the Book of Revelation have been well served by volumes orienting readers to the scholarly literature and to their reception histories, Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles have not received nearly the same attention. This relative neglect is in part a legacy of the Reformation in the sixteenth century. Insofar as doctrinal purity in Protestant circles was defined according to rubrics that were, implicitly or explicitly, Pauline in orientation, Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles were at an obvious disadvantage. However, these writings have had a great influence on Christianity throughout the centuries. As it turns out, the study of Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles was never truly confined to their place in fraught ecclesiastical disputes. Recent decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in these writings. The present volume seeks to assess the relevance of these works to various questions that are often posed to other parts of the New Testament canon, to report on the current state of scholarship devoted to the interpretive issues they raise, and to survey their rich and often overlooked afterlives. Divided into four parts—general issues, topics related to Hebrews, topics related to the Catholic Epistles, and reception and engagement—The Oxford Handbook of Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles studies these books individually as witnesses to the cultural and theological diversity of the early church but also for what they reveal about the process that would eventually produce the New Testament canon.

Click on the link above to see the contributors to this volume.

Bibel und Kirche Articles

I recently acquired an issue of Bibel und Kirche 48.4 (1993). It contains 5 articles on Hebrews that I had not previously come across while I was doing my doctoral work. I don't know how I missed it. It contains one article by Erich Grässer, which gives an overview on 8 German-language commentaries on Hebrews that appeared from 1968 to 1991. I have added the reference to the History of Research page. The issue also includes book reviews on three, at that time, recent books on Hebrews, including the first volume of Grässer's commentary. It was quite a find and I'm glad I now have the issue in my possession.

Hebrews Highlights - April & May 2024

Andrew Perriman rethinks the quotation of Psalm 102:25–27 in Hebrews 1.

Brian Abasciano answers appeals Hebrews 13:5 as a prooftext for "once saved, always saved."

B. J. Oropeza explores the question "Are those who fall away really Christians?" in his analysis of Hebrews 6:4–6.

Thanks to Eerdmans

I want to thank Eerdmans for a copy of Amy Peeler's new commentary on Hebrews. I did not solicit Eerdmans for a copy but someone initiated an order for me. Perhaps they saw my previous announcement on this blog. Anyway, thank you! I hope I will be able to review the book for this blog.

Patterns of Repetition, Structure, and Meaning in Hebrews

Michael C. Clark. Patterns of Repetition, Structure, and Meaning in the Book of Hebrews. Pickwick Publications.

 

Description: 

"While many have recognized unusual patterns of repetition within the book of Hebrews, which seem to play a range of important functions within the text, the consistency of this patterning has not been fully appreciated and its function has been largely unexamined. This study investigates the location and function of what we have termed "link clusters" within Hebrews from the perspective of discourse analysis, to gain fresh insight into the language, structure, and genre of Hebrews; into the book's relationship to the Old Testament; and into the book's authorship and meaning. This work proposes, first, that Hebrews uses repetition to establish formal connections between words and phrases marked as significant by their location and context with respect to other similarly connected words and phrases; second, that link clusters serve to structure the book of Hebrews by uniting the text into a series of overlapping, concentric, and coherent units; and, third, that link clusters also serve an important topical function, clarifying and amplifying intended meaning as pairs of matching topic sentences that respectively introduce and conclude each section and subsection of the discourse by summarizing its content."

Amy Peeler's Commentary on Hebrews

The publication date is said to be May 21 but apparently Amy's commentary is available now:

Amy Peeler. Hebrews. Commentaries for Christian Formation. Eerdmans.

Description:

"How can the Letter to the Hebrews help Christians grow in their faith?

The Letter to the Hebrews tells us that God is trustworthy—that we can trust in Jesus’s defeat of death to lead us to eternal life. Complicating this crucial message, the letter’s enigmatic origins, dense intertextuality, and complex theological import can present challenges to believers wrestling with the text today.

Amy Peeler opens up Hebrews for Christians seeking to understand God in this learned and pastoral volume of Commentaries for Christian Formation. Her fresh translation and detailed commentary offer insights into Christology, the relationship between Judaism and Christianity, and the letter’s canonical resonances. She pays special attention to how the text approaches redemption, providing consolation for the anxious and correction for the presumptuous.

Peeler explains the letter’s original context while remaining focused on its relevance to Christian communities today. Pastors and lay readers alike will learn how Hebrews helps them know, trust, and love God more deeply."

Believers Church Bible Commentary on Hebrews

Debra J. Bucher and Estella Boggs Horning. Hebrews. Believers Church Bible Commentary. Herald Press.

Description:

"What constitutes a faithful life? At its most basic level, the New Testament book of Hebrews considers this essential question and pleads with its audience to find in faithful living the rest that Christ offers. The book begins with a poetic reflection on the one who lived the most faithful of lives—Jesus—and concludes with words of exhortation to go and do likewise.  

In the 37th volume in the Believers Church Bible Commentary series, scholars Debra J. Bucher and Estella Horning examine at great length one important aspect of Hebrews: Jesus as the “new covenant” and the “once for all,” better sacrifice who replaces the daily and yearly sacrifices offered in the temple in Jerusalem. The authors give attention to the ways this idea has been used to minimize the value of other religious traditions and even to legitimize the horrors of the mid-twentieth century. They carefully unpack the language around sacrifice and covenant based on the saving work of Jesus, drawing out encouragement found in Hebrews to live as individuals and as a community led by Jesus, the pioneer and high priest. 

Bucher and Horning don’t shy away from the difficult language in Hebrews, but rather help readers understand its historical context and then how to use the text with love within our own context. 

About the Believers Church Bible Commentary series 

This readable commentary series is for all who seek more fully to understand the original message of Scripture and its meaning for today—Sunday school teachers, members of Bible study groups, students, pastors, and other seekers. —From the Series Foreword."

Consolatory Rhetoric in Hebrews (and Other Hellenistic Literature).

Christine R. Trotter. Hellenistic Jews and Consolatory Rhetoric: 2 Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, 1 Thessalonians, and Hebrews. Mohr Siebeck.

Abstract:
"Christine R. Trotter elucidates how Hellenistic Jewish writers attempted to comfort those living in the midst of and in the wake of persecution and violence. While past scholarship has explored this question primarily in terms of the development of Jewish apocalypticism and afterlife beliefs, Christine R. Trotter takes a comprehensive approach by investigating how Hellenistic Jewish authors engaged with ancient consolatory rhetoric, that is, the means of persuasion intended to move a suffering person out of grief and into joy. Through studies on 2 Maccabees, the Wisdom of Solomon, 1 Thessalonians, and Hebrews, the author explicates how Hellenistic Jewish authors navigated the diverse traditions of consolation within their biblical heritage and Greco-Roman culture. Her work has important implications for the genre of 1 Thessalonians and the dates of composition of the Wisdom of Solomon and Hebrews."

Robert Wall on Reading Hebrews

I have just discovered this book which is newly published:

Robert W. Wall. Reading Hebrews (Second Series):A Literary and Theological Commentary. Smyth & Helwys.

Book Description

The New Testament’s letter “To the Hebrews” presents one of Scripture’s most influential interpretations of Jesus as God’s Son and exalted Messiah, who is both the essential revelation of a covenant-keeping God and the faithful agent of God’s eternal salvation. Yet Hebrews is routinely neglected in its study and proclamation in part because of its exclusion from either of the two canonical collections of apostolic letters, Pauline and Catholic. But context matters. This commentary argues that the context that matters most for a close reading and careful practice of Hebrews as Scripture is the one that surrounds the letter within the final edition of the New Testament canon. Rather than a rival of Paul’s crucified Christ or someone other than the exemplary Jesus of the Catholic Epistles, the priestly Christ Jesus of Hebrews, both divine and yet “made like his human sisters and brothers in every respect” (2:17), is received as their canonical complement to provide a more complete inspired interpretation of the church’s Lord and Savior than is possible by one or another biblical witness.

Bible Study Method and the Key to Hebrews

Here is a new podcast with Andy Miller and Rick Boyd on the topic of "Bible Study Method and the Key to Hebrews."

Robert J. Cara Commentary on Hebrews

Newly published:

Robert J. Cara. Hebrews: A Mentor Commentary. Christian Focus Publications, 2024.

Description:

"New Testament professor Robert J. Cara’s addition to the Mentor Commentary series highlights the timely message of Hebrews to persevere in Christ.

Bringing a particularly Reformed viewpoint, Robert J. Cara underscores the presentation of Jesus as the Son and high priest. In a letter written to encourage and exhort the believers, Cara uncovers how the superior person and superior work of Jesus is broadcast loud and clear to draw back hearts tempted to drift from this glorious reality.

Cara’s love for studying God’s word shines through this comprehensive and clarifying commentary. He connects God’s word to God’s world and brings each section to a close by culminating with a personal reflection that encourages us to delight in and absorb the glorious truth on display.

An essential guide to understanding, enjoying and applying Hebrews; rediscover the supremacy of Christ and respond with rekindled affection."

Hebrews Highlights - February 2024

An Ancient Letter for Today's Church: Gareth Cockerill on Hebrews.

Loader Reviews Urga, Intercession of Jesus in Hebrews

William R. G. Loader reviews Abeneazer G. Urga, Intercession of Jesus in Hebrews: The Background and Nature of Jesus’ Heavenly Intercession in the Epistle to the Hebrews in RBL.